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98 <p>Table of Content:</p>
100 <li><a href="#General3">General overview</a></li>
101 <li><a href="#setting">Setting libxml set of memory routines</a></li>
102 <li><a href="#cleanup">Cleaning up after parsing</a></li>
103 <li><a href="#Debugging">Debugging routines</a></li>
104 <li><a href="#General4">General memory requirements</a></li>
106 <h3><a name="General3">General overview</a></h3>
107 <p>The module <code><a href="http://xmlsoft.org/html/libxml-xmlmemory.html">xmlmemory.h</a></code>
108 provides the interfaces to the libxml memory system:</p>
110 <li>libxml does not use the libc memory allocator directly but xmlFree(),
111 xmlMalloc() and xmlRealloc()</li>
112 <li>those routines can be reallocated to a specific set of routine, by
113 default the libc ones i.e. free(), malloc() and realloc()</li>
114 <li>the xmlmemory.c module includes a set of debugging routine</li>
116 <h3><a name="setting">Setting libxml set of memory routines</a></h3>
117 <p>It is sometimes useful to not use the default memory allocator, either for
118 debugging, analysis or to implement a specific behaviour on memory management
119 (like on embedded systems). Two function calls are available to do so:</p>
122 <a href="http://xmlsoft.org/html/libxml-xmlmemory.html">xmlMemGet
123 ()</a> which return the current set of functions in use by the parser</li>
125 <a href="http://xmlsoft.org/html/libxml-xmlmemory.html">xmlMemSetup()</a>
126 which allow to set up a new set of memory allocation functions</li>
128 <p>Of course a call to xmlMemSetup() should probably be done before calling
129 any other libxml routines (unless you are sure your allocations routines are
131 <h3><a name="cleanup">Cleaning up after parsing</a></h3>
132 <p>Libxml is not stateless, there is a few set of memory structures needing
133 allocation before the parser is fully functional (some encoding structures
134 for example). This also mean that once parsing is finished there is a tiny
135 amount of memory (a few hundred bytes) which can be recollected if you don't
136 reuse the parser immediately:</p>
139 <a href="http://xmlsoft.org/html/libxml-parser.html">xmlCleanupParser
140 ()</a> is a centralized routine to free the parsing states. Note that it
141 won't deallocate any produced tree if any (use the xmlFreeDoc() and
142 related routines for this).</li>
144 <a href="http://xmlsoft.org/html/libxml-parser.html">xmlInitParser
145 ()</a> is the dual routine allowing to preallocate the parsing state
146 which can be useful for example to avoid initialization reentrancy
147 problems when using libxml in multithreaded applications</li>
149 <p>Generally xmlCleanupParser() is safe, if needed the state will be rebuild
150 at the next invocation of parser routines, but be careful of the consequences
151 in multithreaded applications.</p>
152 <h3><a name="Debugging">Debugging routines</a></h3>
153 <p>When configured using --with-mem-debug flag (off by default), libxml uses
154 a set of memory allocation debugging routines keeping track of all allocated
155 blocks and the location in the code where the routine was called. A couple of
156 other debugging routines allow to dump the memory allocated infos to a file
157 or call a specific routine when a given block number is allocated:</p>
160 <a href="http://xmlsoft.org/html/libxml-xmlmemory.html">xmlMallocLoc()</a>
161 <a href="http://xmlsoft.org/html/libxml-xmlmemory.html">xmlReallocLoc()</a>
162 and <a href="http://xmlsoft.org/html/libxml-xmlmemory.html">xmlMemStrdupLoc()</a>
163 are the memory debugging replacement allocation routines</li>
165 <a href="http://xmlsoft.org/html/libxml-xmlmemory.html">xmlMemoryDump
166 ()</a> dumps all the informations about the allocated memory block lefts
167 in the <code>.memdump</code> file</li>
169 <p>When developing libxml memory debug is enabled, the tests programs call
170 xmlMemoryDump () and the "make test" regression tests will check for any
171 memory leak during the full regression test sequence, this helps a lot
172 ensuring that libxml does not leak memory and bullet proof memory
173 allocations use (some libc implementations are known to be far too permissive
174 resulting in major portability problems!).</p>
175 <p>If the .memdump reports a leak, it displays the allocation function and
176 also tries to give some informations about the content and structure of the
177 allocated blocks left. This is sufficient in most cases to find the culprit,
178 but not always. Assuming the allocation problem is reproducible, it is
179 possible to find more easily:</p>
181 <li>write down the block number xxxx not allocated</li>
182 <li>export the environment variable XML_MEM_BREAKPOINT=xxxx , the easiest
183 when using GDB is to simply give the command
184 <p><code>set environment XML_MEM_BREAKPOINT xxxx</code></p>
185 <p>before running the program.</p>
187 <li>run the program under a debugger and set a breakpoint on
188 xmlMallocBreakpoint() a specific function called when this precise block
190 <li>when the breakpoint is reached you can then do a fine analysis of the
191 allocation an step to see the condition resulting in the missing
194 <p>I used to use a commercial tool to debug libxml memory problems but after
195 noticing that it was not detecting memory leaks that simple mechanism was
196 used and proved extremely efficient until now. Lately I have also used <a href="http://developer.kde.org/~sewardj/">valgrind</a> with quite some
197 success, it is tied to the i386 architecture since it works by emulating the
198 processor and instruction set, it is slow but extremely efficient, i.e. it
199 spot memory usage errors in a very precise way.</p>
200 <h3><a name="General4">General memory requirements</a></h3>
201 <p>How much libxml memory require ? It's hard to tell in average it depends
202 of a number of things:</p>
204 <li>the parser itself should work in a fixed amount of memory, except for
205 information maintained about the stacks of names and entities locations.
206 The I/O and encoding handlers will probably account for a few KBytes.
207 This is true for both the XML and HTML parser (though the HTML parser
208 need more state).</li>
209 <li>If you are generating the DOM tree then memory requirements will grow
210 nearly linear with the size of the data. In general for a balanced
211 textual document the internal memory requirement is about 4 times the
212 size of the UTF8 serialization of this document (example the XML-1.0
213 recommendation is a bit more of 150KBytes and takes 650KBytes of main
214 memory when parsed). Validation will add a amount of memory required for
215 maintaining the external Dtd state which should be linear with the
216 complexity of the content model defined by the Dtd</li>
217 <li>If you don't care about the advanced features of libxml like
218 validation, DOM, XPath or XPointer, but really need to work fixed memory
219 requirements, then the SAX interface should be used.</li>
222 <p><a href="bugs.html">Daniel Veillard</a></p>
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