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10 </style><title>FAQ</title></head><body bgcolor="#8b7765" text="#000000" link="#000000" vlink="#000000"><table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="center"><tr><td width="180"><a href="http://www.gnome.org/"><img src="gnome2.png" alt="Gnome2 Logo" /></a><a href="http://www.w3.org/Status"><img src="w3c.png" alt="W3C Logo" /></a><a href="http://www.redhat.com/"><img src="redhat.gif" alt="Red Hat Logo" /></a><div align="left"><a href="http://xmlsoft.org/"><img src="Libxml2-Logo-180x168.gif" alt="Made with Libxml2 Logo" /></a></div></td><td><table border="0" width="90%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="center" bgcolor="#000000"><tr><td><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="3" bgcolor="#fffacd"><tr><td align="center"><h1>The XML C parser and toolkit of Gnome</h1><h2>FAQ</h2></td></tr></table></td></tr></table></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" width="100%" align="center"><tr><td bgcolor="#8b7765"><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="100%"><tr><td valign="top" width="200" bgcolor="#8b7765"><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="1" width="100%" bgcolor="#000000"><tr><td><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="3"><tr><td colspan="1" bgcolor="#eecfa1" align="center"><center><b>Main Menu</b></center></td></tr><tr><td bgcolor="#fffacd"><form action="search.php" enctype="application/x-www-form-urlencoded" method="get"><input name="query" type="text" size="20" value="" /><input name="submit" type="submit" value="Search ..." /></form><ul><li><a href="index.html">Home</a></li><li><a href="intro.html">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="FAQ.html">FAQ</a></li><li><a href="docs.html">Developer Documentation</a></li><li><a href="bugs.html">Reporting bugs and getting help</a></li><li><a href="help.html">How to help</a></li><li><a href="downloads.html">Downloads</a></li><li><a href="news.html">News</a></li><li><a href="XMLinfo.html">XML</a></li><li><a href="XSLT.html">XSLT</a></li><li><a href="xmldtd.html">Validation & DTDs</a></li><li><a href="encoding.html">Encodings support</a></li><li><a href="catalog.html">Catalog support</a></li><li><a href="namespaces.html">Namespaces</a></li><li><a href="contribs.html">Contributions</a></li><li><a href="guidelines.html">XML Guidelines</a></li></ul></td></tr></table><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="3"><tr><td colspan="1" bgcolor="#eecfa1" align="center"><center><b>Related links</b></center></td></tr><tr><td bgcolor="#fffacd"><ul><li><a href="http://mail.gnome.org/archives/xml/">Mail archive</a></li><li><a href="http://xmlsoft.org/XSLT/">XSLT libxslt</a></li><li><a href="http://phd.cs.unibo.it/gdome2/">DOM gdome2</a></li><li><a href="http://www.aleksey.com/xmlsec/">XML-DSig xmlsec</a></li><li><a href="ftp://xmlsoft.org/">FTP</a></li><li><a href="http://www.zlatkovic.com/projects/libxml/">Windows binaries</a></li><li><a href="http://garypennington.net/libxml2/">Solaris binaries</a></li><li><a href="http://www.zveno.com/open_source/libxml2xslt.html">MacOsX binaries</a></li><li><a href="http://sourceforge.net/projects/libxml2-pas/">Pascal bindings</a></li><li><a href="http://bugzilla.gnome.org/buglist.cgi?product=libxml2">Bug Tracker</a></li></ul></td></tr></table></td></tr></table></td><td valign="top" bgcolor="#8b7765"><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="1" width="100%"><tr><td><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="1" width="100%" bgcolor="#000000"><tr><td><table border="0" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="1" width="100%"><tr><td bgcolor="#fffacd"><p>Table of Contents:</p><ul><li><a href="FAQ.html#License">License(s)</a></li>
11 <li><a href="FAQ.html#Installati">Installation</a></li>
12 <li><a href="FAQ.html#Compilatio">Compilation</a></li>
13 <li><a href="FAQ.html#Developer">Developer corner</a></li>
14 </ul><h3><a name="License" id="License">License</a>(s)</h3><ol><li><em>Licensing Terms for libxml</em>
15 <p>libxml2 is released under the <a href="http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.html">MIT
16 License</a>; see the file Copyright in the distribution for the precise
19 <li><em>Can I embed libxml2 in a proprietary application ?</em>
20 <p>Yes. The MIT License allows you to keep proprietary the changes you
21 made to libxml, but it would be graceful to send-back bug fixes and
22 improvements as patches for possible incorporation in the main
25 </ol><h3><a name="Installati" id="Installati">Installation</a></h3><ol><li><strong><span style="background-color: #FF0000">Do Not Use
26 libxml1</span></strong>, use libxml2</li>
27 <li><em>Where can I get libxml</em> ?
28 <p>The original distribution comes from <a href="ftp://rpmfind.net/pub/libxml/">rpmfind.net</a> or <a href="ftp://ftp.gnome.org/pub/GNOME/sources/libxml2/2.5/">gnome.org</a></p>
29 <p>Most Linux and BSD distributions include libxml, this is probably the
30 safer way for end-users to use libxml.</p>
31 <p>David Doolin provides precompiled Windows versions at <a href="http://www.ce.berkeley.edu/~doolin/code/libxmlwin32/ ">http://www.ce.berkeley.edu/~doolin/code/libxmlwin32/</a></p>
33 <li><em>I see libxml and libxml2 releases, which one should I install ?</em>
34 <ul><li>If you are not constrained by backward compatibility issues with
35 existing applications, install libxml2 only</li>
36 <li>If you are not doing development, you can safely install both.
37 Usually the packages <a href="http://rpmfind.net/linux/RPM/libxml.html">libxml</a> and <a href="http://rpmfind.net/linux/RPM/libxml2.html">libxml2</a> are
38 compatible (this is not the case for development packages).</li>
39 <li>If you are a developer and your system provides separate packaging
40 for shared libraries and the development components, it is possible
41 to install libxml and libxml2, and also <a href="http://rpmfind.net/linux/RPM/libxml-devel.html">libxml-devel</a>
42 and <a href="http://rpmfind.net/linux/RPM/libxml2-devel.html">libxml2-devel</a>
43 too for libxml2 >= 2.3.0</li>
44 <li>If you are developing a new application, please develop against
47 <li><em>I can't install the libxml package, it conflicts with libxml0</em>
48 <p>You probably have an old libxml0 package used to provide the shared
49 library for libxml.so.0, you can probably safely remove it. The libxml
50 packages provided on <a href="ftp://rpmfind.net/pub/libxml/">rpmfind.net</a> provide
53 <li><em>I can't install the libxml(2) RPM package due to failed
55 <p>The most generic solution is to re-fetch the latest src.rpm , and
56 rebuild it locally with</p>
57 <p><code>rpm --rebuild libxml(2)-xxx.src.rpm</code>.</p>
58 <p>If everything goes well it will generate two binary rpm packages (one
59 providing the shared libs and xmllint, and the other one, the -devel
60 package, providing includes, static libraries and scripts needed to build
61 applications with libxml(2)) that you can install locally.</p>
63 </ol><h3><a name="Compilatio" id="Compilatio">Compilation</a></h3><ol><li><em>What is the process to compile libxml2 ?</em>
64 <p>As most UNIX libraries libxml2 follows the "standard":</p>
65 <p><code>gunzip -c xxx.tar.gz | tar xvf -</code></p>
66 <p><code>cd libxml-xxxx</code></p>
67 <p><code>./configure --help</code></p>
68 <p>to see the options, then the compilation/installation proper</p>
69 <p><code>./configure [possible options]</code></p>
70 <p><code>make</code></p>
71 <p><code>make install</code></p>
72 <p>At that point you may have to rerun ldconfig or a similar utility to
73 update your list of installed shared libs.</p>
75 <li><em>What other libraries are needed to compile/install libxml2 ?</em>
76 <p>Libxml2 does not require any other library, the normal C ANSI API
77 should be sufficient (please report any violation to this rule you may
79 <p>However if found at configuration time libxml2 will detect and use the
81 <ul><li><a href="http://www.info-zip.org/pub/infozip/zlib/">libz</a> : a
82 highly portable and available widely compression library.</li>
83 <li>iconv: a powerful character encoding conversion library. It is
84 included by default in recent glibc libraries, so it doesn't need to
85 be installed specifically on Linux. It now seems a <a href="http://www.opennc.org/onlinepubs/7908799/xsh/iconv.html">part
86 of the official UNIX</a> specification. Here is one <a href="http://www.gnu.org/software/libiconv/">implementation of the
87 library</a> which source can be found <a href="ftp://ftp.ilog.fr/pub/Users/haible/gnu/">here</a>.</li>
89 <li><em>Make check fails on some platforms</em>
90 <p>Sometimes the regression tests' results don't completely match the
91 value produced by the parser, and the makefile uses diff to print the
92 delta. On some platforms the diff return breaks the compilation process;
93 if the diff is small this is probably not a serious problem.</p>
94 <p>Sometimes (especially on Solaris) make checks fail due to limitations
95 in make. Try using GNU-make instead.</p>
97 <li><em>I use the CVS version and there is no configure script</em>
98 <p>The configure script (and other Makefiles) are generated. Use the
99 autogen.sh script to regenerate the configure script and Makefiles,
101 <p><code>./autogen.sh --prefix=/usr --disable-shared</code></p>
103 <li><em>I have troubles when running make tests with gcc-3.0</em>
104 <p>It seems the initial release of gcc-3.0 has a problem with the
105 optimizer which miscompiles the URI module. Please use another
108 </ol><h3><a name="Developer" id="Developer">Developer</a> corner</h3><ol><li><em>Troubles compiling or linking programs using libxml2</em>
109 <p>Usually the problem comes from the fact that the compiler doesn't get
110 the right compilation or linking flags. There is a small shell script
111 <code>xml2-config</code> which is installed as part of libxml2 usual
112 install process which provides those flags. Use</p>
113 <p><code>xml2-config --cflags</code></p>
114 <p>to get the compilation flags and</p>
115 <p><code>xml2-config --libs</code></p>
116 <p>to get the linker flags. Usually this is done directly from the
118 <p><code>CFLAGS=`xml2-config --cflags`</code></p>
119 <p><code>LIBS=`xml2-config --libs`</code></p>
121 <li><em>xmlDocDump() generates output on one line.</em>
122 <p>Libxml2 will not <strong>invent</strong> spaces in the content of a
123 document since <strong>all spaces in the content of a document are
124 significant</strong>. If you build a tree from the API and want
126 <ol><li>the correct way is to generate those yourself too.</li>
127 <li>the dangerous way is to ask libxml2 to add those blanks to your
128 content <strong>modifying the content of your document in the
129 process</strong>. The result may not be what you expect. There is
130 <strong>NO</strong> way to guarantee that such a modification won't
131 affect other parts of the content of your document. See <a href="http://xmlsoft.org/html/libxml-parser.html#xmlKeepBlanksDefault">xmlKeepBlanksDefault
132 ()</a> and <a href="http://xmlsoft.org/html/libxml-tree.html#xmlSaveFormatFile">xmlSaveFormatFile
135 <li>Extra nodes in the document:
136 <p><em>For a XML file as below:</em></p>
137 <pre><?xml version="1.0"?>
138 <PLAN xmlns="http://www.argus.ca/autotest/1.0/">
139 <NODE CommFlag="0"/>
140 <NODE CommFlag="1"/>
142 <p><em>after parsing it with the function
143 pxmlDoc=xmlParseFile(...);</em></p>
144 <p><em>I want to the get the content of the first node (node with the
145 CommFlag="0")</em></p>
146 <p><em>so I did it as following;</em></p>
147 <pre>xmlNodePtr pnode;
148 pnode=pxmlDoc->children->children;</pre>
149 <p><em>but it does not work. If I change it to</em></p>
150 <pre>pnode=pxmlDoc->children->children->next;</pre>
151 <p><em>then it works. Can someone explain it to me.</em></p>
153 <p>In XML all characters in the content of the document are significant
154 <strong>including blanks and formatting line breaks</strong>.</p>
155 <p>The extra nodes you are wondering about are just that, text nodes with
156 the formatting spaces which are part of the document but that people tend
157 to forget. There is a function <a href="http://xmlsoft.org/html/libxml-parser.html">xmlKeepBlanksDefault
158 ()</a> to remove those at parse time, but that's an heuristic, and its
159 use should be limited to cases where you are certain there is no
160 mixed-content in the document.</p>
162 <li><em>I get compilation errors of existing code like when accessing
163 <strong>root</strong> or <strong>child fields</strong> of nodes.</em>
164 <p>You are compiling code developed for libxml version 1 and using a
165 libxml2 development environment. Either switch back to libxml v1 devel or
166 even better fix the code to compile with libxml2 (or both) by <a href="upgrade.html">following the instructions</a>.</p>
168 <li><em>I get compilation errors about non existing
169 <strong>xmlRootNode</strong> or <strong>xmlChildrenNode</strong>
171 <p>The source code you are using has been <a href="upgrade.html">upgraded</a> to be able to compile with both libxml
172 and libxml2, but you need to install a more recent version:
173 libxml(-devel) >= 1.8.8 or libxml2(-devel) >= 2.1.0</p>
175 <li><em>XPath implementation looks seriously broken</em>
176 <p>XPath implementation prior to 2.3.0 was really incomplete. Upgrade to
177 a recent version, there are no known bugs in the current version.</p>
179 <li><em>The example provided in the web page does not compile.</em>
180 <p>It's hard to maintain the documentation in sync with the code
181 <grin/> ...</p>
182 <p>Check the previous points 1/ and 2/ raised before, and please send
185 <li><em>Where can I get more examples and information than privoded on the
187 <p>Ideally a libxml2 book would be nice. I have no such plan ... But you
189 <ul><li>check more deeply the <a href="html/libxml-lib.html">existing
190 generated doc</a></li>
191 <li>look for examples of use for libxml2 function using the Gnome code.
192 For example the following will query the full Gnome CVS base for the
193 use of the <strong>xmlAddChild()</strong> function:
194 <p><a href="http://cvs.gnome.org/lxr/search?string=xmlAddChild">http://cvs.gnome.org/lxr/search?string=xmlAddChild</a></p>
195 <p>This may be slow, a large hardware donation to the gnome project
196 could cure this :-)</p>
198 <li><a href="http://cvs.gnome.org/bonsai/rview.cgi?cvsroot=/cvs/gnome&dir=gnome-xml">Browse
199 the libxml2 source</a> , I try to write code as clean and documented
200 as possible, so looking at it may be helpful. In particular the code
201 of xmllint.c and of the various testXXX.c test programs should
202 provide good examples of how to do things with the library.</li>
205 <p>libxml2 is written in pure C in order to allow easy reuse on a number
206 of platforms, including embedded systems. I don't intend to convert to
208 <p>There is however a C++ wrapper which may fulfill your needs:</p>
209 <ul><li>by Ari Johnson <ari@btigate.com>:
210 <p>Website: <a href="http://libxmlplusplus.sourceforge.net/">http://libxmlplusplus.sourceforge.net/</a></p>
211 <p>Download: <a href="http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=12999">http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=12999</a></p>
213 <!-- Website is currently unavailable as of 2003-08-02
214 <li>by Peter Jones <pjones@pmade.org>
216 href="http://pmade.org/pjones/software/xmlwrapp/">http://pmade.org/pjones/software/xmlwrapp/</a></p>
219 <li>How to validate a document a posteriori ?
220 <p>It is possible to validate documents which had not been validated at
221 initial parsing time or documents which have been built from scratch
222 using the API. Use the <a href="http://xmlsoft.org/html/libxml-valid.html#xmlValidateDtd">xmlValidateDtd()</a>
223 function. It is also possible to simply add a DTD to an existing
225 <pre>xmlDocPtr doc; /* your existing document */
226 xmlDtdPtr dtd = xmlParseDTD(NULL, filename_of_dtd); /* parse the DTD */
228 dtd->name = xmlStrDup((xmlChar*)"root_name"); /* use the given root */
230 doc->intSubset = dtd;
231 if (doc->children == NULL) xmlAddChild((xmlNodePtr)doc, (xmlNodePtr)dtd);
232 else xmlAddPrevSibling(doc->children, (xmlNodePtr)dtd);
235 <li>So what is this funky "xmlChar" used all the time?
236 <p>It is a null terminated sequence of utf-8 characters. And only utf-8!
237 You need to convert strings encoded in different ways to utf-8 before
238 passing them to the API. This can be accomplished with the iconv library
242 </ol><p></p><p><a href="bugs.html">Daniel Veillard</a></p></td></tr></table></td></tr></table></td></tr></table></td></tr></table></td></tr></table></body></html>